Improvement in bakers  ovens



E, BI CASSIDY zsheets-sheet 1.

Bakers Oven.

No.` 22o,s98. Patented oct. 21, 1879.

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E. B. CASSIDY. Bakers Oven.

No. 220,898. Patented Oct. 21, 1879.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN B. OASSIDY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN BA'K'ERS OVENS.

Specilication forming part of Letters Patent No. 220,898, dated October 21, 1879; application filed July 22, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, EDWIN B. CAssinv, of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens 5 and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, sufcient to enable one skilled in the art to which it belongs to makeand usethe same, reference being had to the accompanying draw ings, forming part of this specification, in whieh- Figurel is a front elevation of the ovens; Fig. 2, a vertical section in the line w x, Fig.

3; Fig. 3, a transverse section taken in the line y y, Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a vertical section in the line z z', Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference in the several ligures of the drawings denote the same parts.

My invention has for'its object to improve the operation of bakers ovens, whereby the heat from a single furnace is utilized for heating a series of ovens arranged to occupy but small space within the brick-work containing them; and to this end it consists in a series of ovens arranged one over another within the furnace, between the chimney and an arch placed in the furnace between the grate and lower oven, and a system of iiucs arranged so that the vertical tlues shall be at the walls of the furnace, the cross-fines between the ovens and over the arch, and with nues at the v edges of the arch, whereby the products of combustion enter the furnace at the edges of the arch next the wall, and thence pass upward and across the furnace through the separate but continuous lines, as I will now proA ceed to describe.

i In the accompanying drawings, A A represent the brick-work ofthe furnace, made with double walls of brick, with a filling ot' cement, B, between them, the structure being of safticient height to receive a number ot' ovens, and provided with a fire-box and grate, C, at the base, and a chimney, D, at the top.

The inner walls ot' the furnace are lined with fire-tiles or fire-bricks E E, and the opposite side walls, just above the lire-box, are made with led ges F F, ofre-brick, placed on ed ge,7 l"to support an arch, G, of like material between the fire-box and lower oven. The inner side walls of the furnace are further provided with vertical flue-walls H H, placed a short distance apart, extending to the top of the upper oven, and supported upon the edges or ledges of the arch. The ledges are also formed with short vertical tlues, and the edges of theA arch are recessed to correspond therewith, and both register with the tlues formed by the walls H H.

I I are the ovens, made ot' lire tile or brick, and placed a short distance apart, one above the other, within the furnace. They are made, preferably, with a llat bottom and arched top, and supported on each side from the line-walls H H, their ends being sustained by walls J J 011 the interior walls of the furnace. Access is had to them through the doors K K in the front wall of the furnace, as shown in the drawings. The lower oven is supported upon the arch G by transverse walls L, placed the req uisite distance apart to form cross-lines reg istering with the vertical side flues, and the oven next above is similarly supported from the oven next below, and so on, according to the number of ovens employed. Each oven, upon one side the furnace, is cut olf from the side lines by a partition, M, and the partitions" are arranged upon opposite sides alternately,

for the purpose of directing the course of the` products of combustion back and fort-h across the furnace.

The space between the fire-box and arch G forms a large combustionfchamber, from which the products of combustion escape at the side edges into the lines. The arch, therefore, defleets the tire from the re-box away from the bottom of the lower oven, and thus prevents it from warping and cracking by becoming overheated. After leaving the arch-fines the products of combustion pass, some up one set of side tlues, until they encounter the partition M, and are thereby deflected across the fun nace, between the ovens, or the lower oven and the arch, passing through the cross-fines, where they are joined by those passing upward from the opposite edge lines ot' the arch, and both together then ascend and pass between two ovens, heating the bottom of one and the top of the other, after which they pass over the upper oven to the chimney, their course being shown by the arrows in Fig. 2. The partitions M are at the tops of the ovens, so that the heat can extend up the side thereof heforc bein g deflected across the furnace.

By this means the ovens are uniformly heated, being surrounded by the products of combustion in their course to the chimney, while the bottom of the lower one is prevented b v thc arch G from being overheated.

If desired, a second bench of ovens may be heated from the ire-box through the passage N, (shown in Fig. 2,) a damper being provided to open and close the passage when necessary.

By arranging thc ovens one above another, as described, with the vertical and cross dues and the partitions M, thc heat is more conlpletely utilized than in thc ordinary bakers Ovens, and as they occupy far less space, the cost of construction of the furnace is very ma terally reduced.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The baker-s oven consisting of a series of ovens, I, arranged one over another within a brick-furnace, A, between the fire-box and top chimney, the arch G between the furnace-grate and lower oven, and the system of fines arranged wth the vertical lines at the walls, the erossucs between the ovens and over the arch G, and the ues at the edges of the arch, whereby the products of combustion enter the furnace at the edges of the arch next the wall, and thence pass upward and across the furnacethrough the separate but continuous lues, substantially as described, for the purpose specied.

ln testimony of which invention I have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of July, A. D.

EDWIN B. CASSIDY.

Witnesses:

EoRGE H. KOLKER, NATHAN K. ELLsWoRTH. 

